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2024, Vol: 11, Issue: 2
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Research Article
Online Published: 26 Jun 2025
 


Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria

Sani Muhammed Otto, Falaiye Adeniran Oluwasesan, Oladiran Johnson Abimbola, Ahmed Abdullahi Sule, Aisha Ademoh Bello, Danyarima Abubakar Abdullahi, Abe Ayoola, Olanrewaju Bukola Dada.


Abstract
The study investigated the quarterly variations in surface refractivity for Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria. Meteorological data, including air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity, were collected from January 2000 to December 2002 at NIMET, Ilorin Airport. These meteorological parameters were averaged over three-hour intervals to determine specific time periods: sunrise (6-8 AM local time), midday (12-2 PM local time), sunset (5-7 PM local time), and midnight (11 PM-1 AM local time). The refractivity was then computed using the collected data. Notably, the quarterly surface refractivity was observed to be higher during the sunrise hours (0600-0800) compared to other quarterly hours (midnight, midday, and sunset). Additionally, variations in surface refractivity were primarily influenced by changes in relative humidity (moisture content). These findings provide valuable insights for predicting the effects of propagation on terrestrial communication links.

Key words: Atmosphere, Troposphere, Refractivity, Atmospheric Parameters, Weather


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Otto SM, Oluwasesan FA, Abimbola OJ, Sule AA, Bello AA, Abdullahi DA, Ayoola A, Dada OB. Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria. Equijost. 2024; 11(1): 1-10. doi:10.4314/equijost.v11i1.1

Web Style

Otto SM, Oluwasesan FA, Abimbola OJ, Sule AA, Bello AA, Abdullahi DA, Ayoola A, Dada OB. Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria. https://www.equijost.com/?mno=161008 [Access: June 22, 2026]. doi:10.4314/equijost.v11i1.1

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Otto SM, Oluwasesan FA, Abimbola OJ, Sule AA, Bello AA, Abdullahi DA, Ayoola A, Dada OB. Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria. Equijost. 2024; 11(1): 1-10. doi:10.4314/equijost.v11i1.1


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Otto SM, Oluwasesan FA, Abimbola OJ, Sule AA, Bello AA, Abdullahi DA, Ayoola A, Dada OB. Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria. Equijost. (2024), [cited June 22, 2026]; 11(1): 1-10. doi:10.4314/equijost.v11i1.1


Harvard Style

Otto, S. M., Oluwasesan, . F. A., Abimbola, . O. J., Sule, . A. A., Bello, . A. A., Abdullahi, . D. A., Ayoola, . A. & Dada, . O. B. (2024) Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria. Equijost, 11 (1), 1-10. doi:10.4314/equijost.v11i1.1


Turabian Style

Otto, Sani Muhammed, Falaiye Adeniran Oluwasesan, Oladiran Johnson Abimbola, Ahmed Abdullahi Sule, Aisha Ademoh Bello, Danyarima Abubakar Abdullahi, Abe Ayoola, and Olanrewaju Bukola Dada. 2024. Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria. Equity Journal of Science and Technology, 11 (1), 1-10. doi:10.4314/equijost.v11i1.1


Chicago Style

Otto, Sani Muhammed, Falaiye Adeniran Oluwasesan, Oladiran Johnson Abimbola, Ahmed Abdullahi Sule, Aisha Ademoh Bello, Danyarima Abubakar Abdullahi, Abe Ayoola, and Olanrewaju Bukola Dada. "Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria." Equity Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2024), 1-10. doi:10.4314/equijost.v11i1.1


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Otto, Sani Muhammed, Falaiye Adeniran Oluwasesan, Oladiran Johnson Abimbola, Ahmed Abdullahi Sule, Aisha Ademoh Bello, Danyarima Abubakar Abdullahi, Abe Ayoola, and Olanrewaju Bukola Dada. "Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria." Equity Journal of Science and Technology 11.1 (2024), 1-10. Print. doi:10.4314/equijost.v11i1.1


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Otto, S. M., Oluwasesan, . F. A., Abimbola, . O. J., Sule, . A. A., Bello, . A. A., Abdullahi, . D. A., Ayoola, . A. & Dada, . O. B. (2024) Quarterly hour variation of surface refractivity and its relation to some atmospheric parameters in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria. Equity Journal of Science and Technology, 11 (1), 1-10. doi:10.4314/equijost.v11i1.1




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